Friday, April 19, 2013

College Move Out: What to Do with All That Perfectly Good Stuff

For college students, the end of the school year is near. Finals are being crammed for, summer adventures are being planned, job prospects are being explored, and move-out plans are being made. But, over the course of a year, in addition to collecting knowledge and memories, students have also accumulated a lot of stuff; stuff that many of them won?t take with them.

This is a guest post by Cat Johnson via Shareable.

So where does all the excess stuff?we?re talking desks, lamps, vacuums, couches, clothing, electronics, etc.?go? Too often, it ends up in campus dumpsters. But students and schools with a mind for sustainability have created programs that provide alternatives to throwing perfectly good stuff away.

Across the country, there are campus collection and redistribution programs that divert goods away from the landfill and into the hands of people who can use them. Programs include Arizona State?s Ditch the Dumpster, University of New Hampshire?s Trash2Treasure, UConn?s Give & Go, Yale?s Spring Salvage, UC Santa Barbara?s GIVE Sale, San Francisco State?s Sustainable Move Out, and many more.

Some programs collect items and distribute them immediately to local nonprofits, some sell the goods and put the money into the community, and other programs store the collected items and sell them to returning students in the fall.

If you?re interested in starting a collection and redistribution program on your campus, there are a couple of ways to begin. The first is to start on a grassroots level. Talk to those around you, come up with a plan for collecting and distributing the collected goods, and make it happen on a person-to-person basis.

The benefit of this approach is that there are no administrative constraints. You can simply coordinate locally, collect and distribute. The downside is that, without administrative assistance, transportation, storage, and funding, all costs, marketing, and organizational requirements fall on you. This approach, while effective for diverting a small amount of stuff from the landfill, may be overwhelmed by the amount of stuff that is thrown out on a campus-wide level.


(Above: Salvaging reusable items from NYU's dumpster. Creative Commons photo by mecredis.)

Perhaps the biggest challenge of collecting and redistributing items is storage. If you plan to redistribute the goods to returning students, you need a large storage facility to hold the collected items until the Fall.

?The problem is the delay,? says Hans Schoenburg, co-founder of Giftflow, who also founded a free store in New Haven, Conn. with items donated during a college move-out collection. ?No one?s buying furniture when everyone is moving out. But there?s enormous potential to do good with the stuff.?

One way around the storage issue is to distribute items immediately to local nonprofits and community centers. Another strategy is to set up, like Schoenburg and his team did, a free store that?s open to the community at large.

?Running the free store with the discarded stuff was a wonderful opportunity to build community and bring together people who wouldn?t have otherwise interacted," he says. "It?s a great way to build community around reuse and bring awareness to how wasteful we can be.?


(Above: The Free Store in New Haven, Conn. Photo courtesy of Hans Schoenburg.)

Another way to go about starting a collection and reuse program is to get the administration behind you. While this approach may slow down the process as you?ll be in the world of proposals, budgets, and boards, the benefit is that with the administration?s help, the program can scale to a campus level. There may be funds available to hire a small staff, provide designated drop-off bins and trailers and pay for the transportation and storage of the items.

Kristen Lee, Yale?s 2013 Spring Sustainability Fellow, who is running the school?s Spring Salvage, emphasis the importance of working with the administration to actually get things done.

?If a student organization is looking to be successful in the long term,? she says, ?I would say support the interests of facilities management, or operations-type organizations within their college. If they?re met with open ears, the transportation and storage that that type of entity can provide is valuable. Don?t reinvent the wheel,? she continues. ?Work within the infrastructures that already exist.?

Starting or supporting a program that diverts reusable items from the landfill is a great way to conserve resources and draw attention to how much we waste. As Schoenburg says, ?The biggest problem with a lot of waste is that it goes out of sight, out of mind. We become unconscious of it. An effort to reuse and recapture,? he continues, ?also brings awareness to the act of wasting itself.?

Tips for Starting a Collection & Reuse Program

The Basics: Have designated donation days and areas then transport the items to a central location to be sorted and either stored or distributed.

Teamwork: ?When 9,000 students leave campus in the course of a week, you have to be on top of your game,? says Elizabeth Kather, who is part of ASU?s Ditch the Dumpster team. ?You need a dedicated team?one that can be nimble as things change and react quickly to the needs of the program.?

Start Early: If you want to make the project sustainable, you have to start early. Charles Zhu who started Yale?s Trash to Treasure program says, ?Start as a freshman or sophomore and start building a community around this idea. That?s the only way you can sustain this idea for years afterward.?

Find Support: Partner with both the administration and also student organizations. Kather says, ?We work hard to get other student organizations involved...Our team is very diverse and involves facilities, custodial, sustainability student organizations, university housing and our partner in donations and giving, Swift Charities for Children.?

Close the Loop: To minimize the amount waste being created, try to put the stuff back into the community it came from. Ideally, this means providing the goods for reuse on campus, but logistics may necessitate putting them into the larger community.

Scalability: Zhu advises, ?Look for solutions that can be scalable across the country. So often, you see these programs have a spurt of growth for a couple of years then they just fall apart after the original students graduate.?

Get Creative: In addition to storing and selling items back to students in the Fall, Zhu?s Trash to Treasure program stored stuff for students who didn?t want to get rid of it but had no way to transport it. His solution was to park four large trailers on a vacant parking lot and store things that students wanted to have back in the Fall.

Do Something: As Kather says, ?Start small, but start something. There is too much going into landfills and trash collection that can be reused or recycled. College students want to make a difference and just need an outlet.?

College Move Out: What to Do with All That Perfectly Good Stuff | Shareable


Cat Johnson is a freelance writer focused on community, the sharing economy, the commons, and music. Publications include Utne Reader, GOOD, Yes! Magazine, Shareable, Instant Magazine, the Santa Cruz Weekly, and No Depression. She's also a music lover and player. Follow her on Twitter @CatJohnson.

Image remixed from Cynthia Farmer and urfin (Shutterstock).

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Thursday, April 18, 2013

Tobacco companies keep people smoking despite UK cigarette tax increases

Apr. 16, 2013 ? Raising tobacco prices is one of the most effective means of reducing tobacco use, particularly among price-sensitive smokers such as young people and people with low incomes. But when the UK government has been raising cigarette taxes to increase prices and deter smoking, tobacco companies have been absorbing the tax increases on their ultra-low-price (ULP) brands to keep their prices low. As a result, real ULP cigarette prices have remained virtually unchanged since 2006 and their market share has doubled, suggesting that as cigarette taxes rise, many smokers downtrade to cheaper cigarettes and carry on smoking.

Transnational tobacco companies categorise cigarette brands into four price segments: premium, mid-price, economy, and ultra-low-price (ULP). A research report published online today in the journal Addiction reveals that while the real weighted average price of premium, mid-price and economy brands has increased gradually between 2001 and 2009, the real price of ULP cigarettes has barely changed since 2006, greatly reducing the effectiveness of cigarette taxes to deter smoking.

Tobacco companies have achieved this by overshifting taxes on their higher priced brands (increasing cigarette prices on top of the tax increases) and undershifting taxes on their ULP brands (absorbing tax increases so they are not passed on to the consumer) to keep the prices of their cheapest brands low. The former enables tobacco companies to increase their profits while the latter helps keep smokers in the market.

Unsurprisingly, the market share held by price-static ULP cigarettes doubled between 2006 and 2009, while the market share of the other three categories has fallen. But the rising prices of the more expensive brands means that, even with a falling market share, revenue from premium and mid-price brands has increased steadily since 2001.

Says lead author Anna Gilmore, Professor of Public Health & Health Foundation Clinician Scientist in the University of Bath's Department for Health and the UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, "Tobacco companies use their price changes to win two ways in the UK: when tobacco taxes increase each year, the tobacco companies hide their price increases on more expensive cigarettes behind the tax increases, making large profits from smokers who aren't bothered by price increases. Simultaneously, they cut the prices of their cheapest cigarettes so that smokers who would be deterred by price hikes continue to smoke. Tobacco company revenues increase and fewer smokers quit. To increase the effectiveness of cigarette taxes, the UK government must find ways to narrow the price gap between the cheapest and most expensive cigarettes and prevent tobacco companies from discounting their cheapest brands."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Wiley, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Anna B. Gilmore, Behrooz Tavakoly, Gordon Taylor, Howard Reed. Understanding tobacco industry pricing strategy and whether it undermines tobacco tax policy: the example of the UK cigarette market. Addiction, 2013; DOI: 10.1111/add.12159

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/x10OWXqmm20/130416085422.htm

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Senator Receives Potential Ricin Letter (ABC News)

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Wednesday, April 17, 2013

Monte Paschi prosecutors order seizure of 1.8 billion euros at Nomura

By Silvia Ognibene and Steve Slater

SIENA/LONDON, Italy (Reuters) - Italian prosecutors said they have ordered the seizure of 1.8 billion euros ($2.4 billion) of assets from Japanese bank Nomura as part of an investigation into a suspected fraud involving troubled lender Monte dei Paschi di Siena .

Prosecutors in the city of Siena also said they were investigating Nomura's former top executive in Europe, Sadeq Sayeed, and Raffaele Ricci, managing director in fixed income sales for the EMEA region at the Japanese bank.

The two men are being investigated over allegations of aggravated fraud and usury (overpriced loans), obstructing the work of regulators and making false statements to the market in dealings with Monte dei Paschi di Siena.

Nomura said that none of its assets had been seized in connection with the Monte dei Paschi probe and rejected any suggestion of wrongdoing.

"We will take all appropriate steps to protect our position and will vigorously contest any suggestions of wrongdoing in this matter," the bank said in a statement on Tuesday.

Sayeed, who left Nomura in March 2010, also denied the allegations. "The first I heard of it was in the reports earlier today," he told Reuters. "I have not been approached by anybody. I am trying to analyze it myself."

Ricci did not immediately return calls for comment.

The prosecutors said in a statement that the seizure order concerned 88 million euros of hidden commissions that they say Nomura received and 1.7 billion euros of funds deposited with Nomura by Monte dei Paschi by way of collateral for the so-called Alexandria trade, which is at the center of an investigation into risky derivative deals.

The trade involved the purchase by Monte dei Paschi of Italian government bonds for 3 billion euros, which the bank financed through a long-term repurchase agreement with Nomura.

Prosecutors and the bank's current management say the trade helped Monte dei Paschi to conceal losses by spreading them over 30 years.

LOSS-MAKING TRADES

Smaller sums were being seized on Tuesday from former Monte dei Paschi chairman Giuseppe Mussari, ex-managing director Antonio Vigni and the former head of the finance department, Gian Luca Baldassarri - all of whom are under investigation over the Alexandria deal and other trades.

Mussari and Vigni declined to comment. Baldassarri was arrested on February 14.

The 2009 transaction between Nomura and the Tuscan bank is one of a series of loss-making "structured finance" deals carried out under the Tuscan lender's previous management to conceal losses, according to prosecutors.

The bank, which in February received a state bailout of 4 billion euros that was also meant to plug a capital shortfall exacerbated by the derivatives deals, booked a pretax loss of 730 million euros in 2012 linked to those trades.

The bank's new management has said it only discovered the true nature of the Alexandria deal in October 2012 after finding a document hidden in a safe.

A judicial source said the seizure order against Banca Nomura International Plc, a unit of the Japanese bank, had effectively frozen the Alexandria transaction.

"The seizure order interrupts the validity of the contracts so they cease to have effect," the source said. "The contracts have been frozen, so receipts and payments are suspended."

Last month Monte dei Paschi, the world's oldest bank, filed a lawsuit in Florence seeking at least 700 million euros from Nomura, Mussari and Vigni over the Alexandria trade. Nomura has been trying to establish British jurisdiction for the dispute.

The Tuscan lender is also seeking at least 500 million euros in compensation from Mussari, Vigni and Deutsche Bank AG for a 2008 deal known as Santorini.

Deutsche Bank has said that its 2008 trade with Monte dei Paschi was subject to rigorous internal approval processes.

Monte dei Paschi has been rocked by the scandal over the opaque derivatives and by another investigation into its costly 2007 acquisition of rival Banca Antonveneta. ($1 = 0.7616 euros)

(Writing by James Mackenzie and Silvia Aloisi; Editing by David Holmes and David Goodman)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/monte-paschi-prosecutors-order-seizure-1-8-billion-141451019--finance.html

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Bad decisions arise from faulty information, not faulty brain circuits

Apr. 15, 2013 ? Making decisions involves a gradual accumulation of facts that support one choice or another. A person choosing a college might weigh factors such as course selection, institutional reputation and the quality of future job prospects.

But if the wrong choice is made, Princeton University researchers have found that it might be the information rather than the brain's decision-making process that is to blame. The researchers report in the journal Science that erroneous decisions tend to arise from errors, or "noise," in the information coming into the brain rather than errors in how the brain accumulates information.

These findings address a fundamental question among neuroscientists about whether bad decisions result from noise in the external information -- or sensory input -- or because the brain made mistakes when tallying that information. In the example of choosing a college, the question might be whether a person made a poor choice because of misleading or confusing course descriptions, or because the brain failed to remember which college had the best ratings.

Previous measurements of brain neurons have indicated that brain functions are inherently noisy. The Princeton research, however, separated sensory inputs from the internal mental process to show that the former can be noisy while the latter is remarkably reliable, said senior investigator Carlos Brody, a Princeton associate professor of molecular biology and the Princeton Neuroscience Institute (PNI), and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator.

"To our great surprise, the internal mental process was perfectly noiseless. All of the imperfections came from noise in the sensory processes," Brody said. Brody worked with first author Bingni Brunton, now a postdoctoral research associate in the departments of biology and applied mathematics at the University of Washington; and Matthew Botvinick, a Princeton associate professor of psychology and PNI.

The research subjects -- four college-age volunteers and 19 laboratory rats -- listened to streams of randomly timed clicks coming into both the left ear and the right ear. After listening to a stream, the subjects had to choose the side from which more clicks originated. The rats had been trained to turn their noses in the direction from which more clicks originated.

The test subjects mostly chose the correct side but occasionally made errors. By comparing various patterns of clicks with the volunteers' responses, researchers found that all of the errors arose when two clicks overlapped, and not from any observable noise in the brain system that tallied the clicks. This was true in experiment after experiment utilizing different click patterns, in humans and rats.

The researchers used the timing of the clicks and the decision-making behavior of the test subjects to create computer models that can be used to indicate what happens in the brain during decision-making. The models provide a clear window into the brain during the "mulling over" period of decision-making, the time when a person is accumulating information but has yet to choose, Brody said.

"Before we conducted this study, we did not have a way of looking at this process without inserting electrodes into the brain," Brody said. "Now thanks to our model, we have an estimation of what is going on at each moment in time during the formation of the decision."

The study suggests that information represented and processed in the brain's neurons must be robust to noise, Brody said. "In other words, the 'neural code' may have a mechanism for inherent error correction," he said.

"The new work from the Brody lab is important for a few reasons," said Anne Churchland, an assistant professor of biological sciences at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory who studies decision-making and was not involved in the study. "First, the work was very innovative because the researchers were able to study carefully controlled decision-making behavior in rodents. This is surprising in that one might have guessed rodents were incapable of producing stable, reliable decisions that are based on complex sensory stimuli.

"This work exposed some unexpected features of why animals, including humans, sometimes make incorrect decisions," Churchland said. "Specifically, the researchers found that errors are mostly driven by the inability to accurately encode sensory information. Alternative possibilities, which the authors ruled out, included noise associated with holding the stimulus in mind, or memory noise, and noise associated with a bias toward one alternative or the other."

The work was funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University and National Institutes of Health training grants.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Princeton University. The original article was written by Catherine Zandonella.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. B. W. Brunton, M. M. Botvinick, C. D. Brody. Rats and Humans Can Optimally Accumulate Evidence for Decision-Making. Science, 2013; 340 (6128): 95 DOI: 10.1126/science.1233912

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/5j9B4gY2deM/130415172429.htm

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Tuesday, April 16, 2013

'Pitch Perfect 2' In Tune At Universal

Studio announces 2015 release date for a cappella sequel, following a raucous cast reunion at Movie Awards.
By Amy Wilkinson


Anna Kendrick and the cast of "Pitch Perfect"
Photo: Universal Pictures

Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1705775/pitch-perfect-2-sequel.jhtml

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IRL: Timbuk2's Commute Messenger and Fujifilm's EF-X20 flash

Welcome to IRL, an ongoing feature where we talk about the gadgets, apps and toys we're using in real life and take a second look at products that already got the formal review treatment.

IRL: Timbuk2's Commute Messenger and Fujifilm's EF-X20 flash

When he's not copy editing Engadget, Philip Palermo likes to write about his gadget collection. And that gadget collection includes an impressive pile of camera gear (like this and this and this). Now he's back, taking Fujifilm's EF-X20 flash for a spin alongside his X-E1. Meanwhile, Dan's found a bag spacious and compartmentalized enough to fit several days of clothing and all his trade show gear. Not an easy feat, folks.

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Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/SB3ESn0z0Jw/

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